Georeferencing: The Geographic Associations of Information
內容描述
Description
Georeferencing--relating information to
geographic location--has been incorporated into today's information systems in
various ways. We use online services to map our route from one place to
another; science, business, and government increasingly use geographic
information systems (GIS) to hold and analyze data. Most georeferenced
information searches using today's information systems are done by text query.
But text searches for placenames fall short--when, for example, a place is
known by several names (or by none). In addition, text searches don't cover
all sources of geographic data; maps are traditionally accessed only through
special indexes, filing systems, and agency contacts; data from remote sensing
images or aerial photography is indexed by geospatial location (mathematical
coordinates such as longitude and latitude). In this book, Linda Hill
describes the advantages of integrating placename-based and geospatial
referencing, introducing an approach to "unified georeferencing" that uses
placename and geospatial referencing interchangeably across all types of
information storage and retrieval systems.After a brief overview of
relevant material from cognitive psychology on how humans perceive and respond
to geographic space, Hill introduces the reader to basic information about
geospatial information objects, concepts of geospatial referencing, the role
of gazetteer data, the ways in which geospatial referencing has been included
in metadata structures, and methods for the implementation of geographic
information retrieval (GIR). Georeferencing will be a valuable
reference for librarians, archivists, scientific data managers, information
managers, designers of online services, and any information professional who
deals with place-based information.Linda L. Hill is Specialist,
Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara
(retired).
Table of
Contents
Preface iii
Acknowledgments ix 1. Laying the Groundwork
1 2. Spatial Cognition and Information Systems 21
3. Georeferenced Information Object Types and Their
Characteristics 35 4. Representation of Geospatial Location and
Coverage 63 5. Gazetteers and Gazetteer Services 91
6. Georeferencing Elements in Metadata Standards 155
7. Geographic Information Retrieval 185 8. Future
of Georeferencing 215 Glossary 227
References 237 Introduction to Index
to Geographic Examples 247 Index to Geographic Examples
249
Index 253
